The Meaning and Origin of Famous German Names

Have you ever wondered about some of the famous German last names youve heard or read about? Whats in a German name? The meaning and origins of names are not always what they seem to be at first glance. German surnames and place names often trace their roots back to old Germanic words that have changed their meaning or gone out of use entirely. For example, the last name of author Gà ¼nter Grass seems to be obvious. Although the German word for grass is das Gras, the German authors name really has nothing to do with grass. His last name comes from a Middle High German word with a very different meaning. People who know just enough German to be dangerous may tell you that the surname Gottschalk means Gods rogue or Gods scoundrel. Well, this name – borne by the famous German TV host Thomas Gottschalk (virtually unknown outside of the German-speaking world) and an American department store chain – actually has a much better meaning. Similar mistakes or mistranslations can arise because words (and names) change their meanings and spellings over time. The name Gottschalk goes back at least 300 years to a time when the German word Schalk had a different meaning than it has today. (More below.) Arnold Schwarzenegger is another famous person whose name is sometimes explained in a misleading and even racist way. But his name is only confusing to people who dont know German very well, and it certainly has nothing to do with black people. The correct pronunciation of his name makes that very clear: Schwarzen-egger. Learn more about these and other names in the alphabetical list below. Also, see the list of related Germanic name resources at the end. German Surnames of the Rich and/or Famous Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967) - First chancellor of West GermanyMany surnames come from a geographic location or town. In the case of Adenauer, who served in Bonn as the very first Bundeskanzler, his name comes from a small town very close to Bonn: Adenau, first listed in the records as Adenowe (1215). A person from Adenau is known as an Adenauer. The German-American Henry Kissinger is another example of German name derived from a town (see below). Johann Sebastian Bach (1770-1872) - German composerSometimes a name is exactly what it seems to be. In the case of the composer, the German word der Bach means that his ancestors lived near a small stream or brook. But the name Bache, with an added e, is related to another old word meaning smoked meat or bacon and hence a butcher. (The modern German word Bache means wild sow.) Boris Becker (1967- ) - former German tennis star. He has an occupational name far removed from how Becker gained fame: baker (der Bà ¤cker). Karl Benz (1844-1929) - German co-inventor of the automobileMany last names were once (or still are also) first or given names. Karl (also Carl) Benz has a surname that was once a nickname for either Bernhard (strong bear) or Berthold (splendid ruler).   Gottfried Wilhelm Daimler (1834-1900) - German co-inventor of the automobileOlder variations of Daimler include Deumler, Teimbler, and Teumler. Not exactly a name meaning desired by someone dealing with cars, Daimler is derived from an old southern German word (Tà ¤umler) meaning swindler, from the verb tà ¤umeln, to overcharge or cheat. In 1890, he and his partner Wilhelm Maybach founded the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG). In 1926 DMG merged with the Karl Benz company to form Daimler-Benz AG. (Also see Karl Benz above).   Thomas Gottschalk (1950- ) - German TV host (Wetten, dass...?)The name Gottschalk literally means Gods servant. Although today the word der Schalk is understood as rogue or scoundrel, its original meaning was more like der Knecht, servant, knave, or farmhand. In the early 1990s, Gottschalk and his family bought a home in Los Angeles (Malibu), where he could live without being mobbed by German fans. He still spends summers in California. Like Gottlieb (Gods love), Gottschalk was also a first name. Stefanie Steffi Graf (1969- ) - former German tennis starThe German word der Graf is the same as the English title of nobility count. Gà ¼nter Grass (1927- ) - German Nobel-prize winning authorA good example of a surname that seems obvious, but isnt the famous authors name comes from the Middle High German (1050-1350) word graz, meaning angry or intense. Once they know this, many people think the name suits the often controversial writer.   Henry Kissinger  (1923- ) - German-born former U.S. Secretary of State (1973-1977) and Nobel Peace Prize laureateHeinz Alfred Kissingers name is a place name meaning a person from Bad Kissingen, a famous spa resort town in Franconian Bavaria. Kissingers great great grandfather (Urgroßvater) derived his name from the town in 1817. Even today, a person from Bad Kissingen (pop. 21,000) is known as a Kissinger. Heidi Klum  (1973- ) - German supermodel, actressIronically, Klum is related to the old German word  klumm  (knapp, short, limited;  geldklumm, short on money) and  klamm  (klamm  sein, slang for strapped for cash). As a star model, Klums financial situation certainly does not fit her name. Helmut Kohl  (1930- ) - former German chancellor (1982-1998)The name Kohl (or Cole) is derived from an occupation: a grower or seller of cabbage (der Kohl. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  (1756-1791) - Austrian composerBaptized as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, the genius composer had a last name that comes from a term of ridicule or mockery. First recorded in the 14th century as Mozahrt in southern Germany, the name is based on the old Alemannic word  motzen, to roll in  mud. Originally a first name (with the common ending -hart), the term was used for someone who was sloppy, untidy, or dirty. Ferdinand Porsche  (1875-1951) - Austrian auto engineer and designerThe name Porsche has Slavic roots and is probably derived from a shortened form of the first name Borislav (Boris), meaning famous fighter (bor, fighting   slava, fame). Porsche designed the original Volkswagen. Maria Schell  (1926-2005) - Austrian-Swiss film actressMaximilian Schell  (1930 - ) - Austrian-Swiss film actorAnother name with Middle High German origins. The MHG  schell  meant exciting or wild. Brother and sister also both appeared in Hollywood films. Claudia Schiffer  (1970- ) - German supermodel, actressOne of Claudias ancestors was probably a sailor or ships captain (der Schiffer, skipper). Oskar Schindler  (1908-1974) - German factory owner of Schindlers list fameFrom the profession of  Schindelhauer  (shingle maker). Arnold Schwarzenegger  (1947- ) - Austrian-born actor, director, politicianNot only is the former bodybuilders name a bit long and unusual, but it is also often misunderstood. Arnolds last name is made up of two words:  schwarzen, black   egger, corner, or loosely translated, black corner (das  schwarze  Eck). His ancestors probably came from a location that was forested and seemed dark (like the Black Forest,  der Schwarzwald).   Til Schweiger  (1963- ) - German screen star, director, producerAlthough it seems related to  schweigen  (to be silent), the actors name is actually derived from Middle High German  sweige, meaning farm or dairy farm. Schweiger has also appeared in several Hollywood movies, including as a villain in  Laura Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life  (2003). Johnny Weissmuller  (1904-1984) - U.S. Olympic swimming champ best known as TarzanAnother occupational name: wheat miller (der Weizen / Weisz  Ã‚  der Mà ¼ller / Mueller). Although he always claimed he was born in Pennsylvania, Weissmuller was  actually  born to Austrian parents in what is now Rumania.   Ruth Westheimer (Dr. Ruth)  (1928- ) - German-born sex therapistBorn in Frankfurt am Main as Karola Ruth Siegel (das Siegel, stamp, seal), Dr. Ruths last name (from her late husband Manfred Westheimer) means at home / living in the west (der West  Ã‚  heim). Books on German Family Names  (in German) Professor Udolphs Buch der Namen - Woher sie kommen, was sie bedeutenJà ¼rgen Udolph, Goldmann, paper - ISBN: 978-3442154289 Duden - Familiennamen: Herkunft und Bedeutung von 20 000 NachnamenRosa and Volker KohlheimBibliographisches Institut, Mannheim, paper - ISBN: 978-3411708529 Das große Buch der FamiliennamenHorst NaumannBassermann, 2007, paper - ISBN: 978-3809421856

The Origin of Hiphop and How Music Has Changed - 2592 Words

Hip-hop is one of the most popular genres of music in the world today. However, the hip-hop of today’s world is very different from the hip-hop that started it all. Hip-hop has simply evolved to a different type of music than the hip-hop that started it all. Hip-hop started in Brooklyn in 1973 at a block party with DJ Kool Herc, known as the father of hip-hop, mixing the beats. However, hip-hop has changed. There are the advances in technology to help make different sounds for songs. There is the fighting between artists and rappers because of their geographical backgrounds, meaning the areas that they are from. There are many artists making breakthroughs with new styles and different types of lyrics, many of whom set the bar for†¦show more content†¦Hip-hop is engulfed with violence, mostly pertaining to the geographical backgrounds of artists and rappers. The biggest rivalry is West Coast hip-hop vs. East Coast hip-hop. The headliners of this rivalry, and m ost famous of all hip hop controversies, was the controversy surrounding the Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur. These two rappers are enthroned as two of, if not the, greatest hip-hop artists of all time. Christopher Wallace, known by his performing name â€Å"The Notorious B.I.G.† was from New York. Tupac Shakur, performance name just Tupac, was from California. Big and Pac were actually really good friends before all of this West Coast/East Coast stuff started. It all started with Tupac thinking that Biggie and his crew set up the 1994 robbery that he was a victim of in New York. Tupac was shot that night, and being very ecstatic from being shot, blamed it on Biggie. He didn’t stop there. The feud between Biggie and Tupac would not stop. Tupac ran with the idea that the shooting was a setup by Biggie; and Biggie, as much as he tried to make Tupac understand, could not get through to him. That was not the end of the controversy. Biggie came later released t he very controversial song, â€Å"Who Shot Ya?†, in which one of the lines is â€Å"Who shot ya? Separate weak from obsolete, hard to creep them Brooklyn streets.† The mediaShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects of Hip-Hop2186 Words   |  9 Pagesgeneration of youth is engrossed in hip-hop culture, tending to idolize the artist behind the songs. Since the 1970s, hip-hop has influenced American culture tremendously. In the past, hip-hop held a central focus around inequality, empowerment and overcoming hardships. Today, hip-hop talks more about sex, money, a male dominant social standing, and drugs. Hip-hop, from then to now, has drifted to the darker side of the social spectrum. The majority of today’s youth were subconsciously thrust into a timeRead MoreRap : The Flow Of A Disputed Artform3070 Words   |  13 Pagesin the timeline of musical trends, the introduction of new ideas is almost always met with steep judgement and general distaste. It is not music at al l. It s merely an irritation of the nerves of hearing, a sensual teasing of the strings of physical passion. Coarse opinions, such as Princeton University Professor Henry van Dyke’s, were common when jazz music initially received a reputation as being immoral with many members of the older generations viewed it as threatening old values in culture

Essay on Period 3 Test - 7186 Words

Period 3 (1754-1800): Multiple Choice Exam Questions 1-4 refer to the following image: Advertisement, Charleston, South Carolina, 1780s 1. Which of the following BEST reflects the perspective of the above image? a. Slaves represent a public health threat. b. The importation of slaves is a legitimate enterprise. c. The importation of slaves needs to be halted d. Smallpox was a continuous danger to Charleston 2. During the 1780s, which of the following was the most widespread crop cultivated by slaves in North America? a. Wheat b. Sugar c. Tobacco d. Cotton 3. Following the American Revolution, many Founding Fathers believed which of the following? a. Slavery would gradually disappear in the United States. b. The freeing of slaves†¦show more content†¦For who are a free people? Not those over whom government is reasonably and equitably exercised but those who live under a government, so constitutionally checked and controlled, that proper provision is made against its being otherwise exercised. The late act is founded on the destruction of constitutional security.†¦ In short, if they have a right to levy a tax of one penny upon us, they have a right to levy a million upon us. For where does that right stop?...To use the words of Mr. Locke, ‘What property have we in that, which another may, by rights take, when he pleases, to himself?’†¦We are therefore—I speak it with grief—I speak with indignation—we are slaves.† John Dickinson, Letter from a Farmer, 1768 John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies (New York: The Outlook Company, 1903), 75–78. 9. The passage above was written in response to a. calls for a stronger central government. b. British efforts to tax the colonies. c. debates over the issue of slavery. d. the perceived corruption of the British government. 10. Which of the following historical developments most directly precipitated the conditions leading to the argument in the passage above? a. The growth of the Atlantic economy during the 18th century b. The spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europe c. The large British debt incurred from the Seven Years’ War d. The indifference of the British government to colonialShow MoreRelatedSubject Consent Forms1108 Words   |  5 PagesForm, the boys shall be over 3 years of age and under 12 years of age (11 years and 364 days old is ok.). The girls shall be over 3 years of age and under 11 years of age (10 years and 364 days old is ok.). They shall be diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency by the physician and be consistent with the slow growth defined in this plan. 2. The concentrations of growth hormone in the blood shall be below 10 ng / ml. 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(yes/no) OBSERVED EXPECTED (o-e)^2/e 97 115.42 2.939667 86 74.824 1.66929 73 63.68 1.364045 60 46.168 4.144087 82 97.908 2.584717 398 chi square value 12.70181 Critical value = 12.8 Test value = 12Read MoreOutline Of A New Plastic Product1176 Words   |  5 Pageson a period by period basis using the simulation tool. Milestones Start Date End Date Period 1: Locate and define market of the product and stake holder analysis. 8/25/2015 11/3/2015 Period 2: Product needs developed into technical specs, and concepts are built 11/4/2015 12/11/2015 Period 3: : Pre-Production Specifications released 12/14/2015 1/20/2016 Period 4: Design Approved. 1/21/2016 2/9/2016 Period 5: Evaluate the design specifications and build final Functional Model. 2/10/2016 3/9/2016Read MoreForecasting Is A Planning Tool1355 Words   |  6 Pagesa selected number of past periods of data. 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Juveniles Treated Like Adults Essays - 1330 Words

Everyday a vast number of brutal crimes occur somewhere in America. Teens as young as thirteen commit murder, rape, and burglary to an extent. What can be done about it? The best answer I can think of is to treat juveniles like adults. They have just as much responsibility and knowledge of their actions just as adults do, so they deserve the same punishment if they commit the same crime. Believe it or not, teens commit the same level of crimes that adults commit. Crimes will get even worse in the future if nothing is strictly done about the unnecessary violent actions. An idea to prevent the crimes from continuing is to punish juveniles and adults equally. Juvenile punishments do not provide the harsh consequences juveniles deserve. There†¦show more content†¦A variety of ages are guilty for numerous crimes. Any age of a criminal is a threat to the public. Juveniles deserve to be treated like adults. Many people feel sorry for young people who commit heinous crimes to receive such as harsh punishments as adults do when it comes to a similar crime. What people with such emotional feelings toward juveniles do not think about is the damage a young criminal causes. Of course there are some cases in which young people are treated differently from adults such as getting a job or even voting. In those cases young people are not educated enough to have the ability to do either of those because of the knowledge they are not provided with at such a young age. Juveniles take in the sorrow that people feel for them. They think they stand a high chance of getting out of trouble when they are standing in court being tried as guilty. 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Bite Me A Love Story Chapter 24 Free Essays

24. A Love Story? JODY It wasn’t the first time she’d crept out of a guy’s apartment in the middle of the night with her shoes in her hand, but it was the first time where the decision had been because she didn’t want to kill the guy. He was so little, so frail, so lonely. We will write a custom essay sample on Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 24 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She had taken people before who had the black ring in their life aura like Okata’s, and they had thanked her. It had been mercy, relief, the end of pain, yet she couldn’t make herself do it. She’d left him there, not to die alone, although he probably would, and not because he had been so kind to her, saving her, which he had, but because the prints weren’t finished. He was a strange little man, a hermit and a swordsman, and he carried some great pain in him, but above all that, he was an artist, and she couldn’t bear to stop that. So she’d left. Now she was back. He sheathed his sword and tried to lift her to her feet. Her limbs still felt like they were on fire, and she could move only her right arm on her own. She nodded toward Bella’s pellet weapon. â€Å"Give it to me, Okata.† She made a grasping motion. He leaned her in a sitting position against the wrought-iron railing that surrounded the steps to his apartment, then retrieved the weapon and fit it into her hand. Then he held the barrel firmly and said something stern in Japanese. â€Å"No, I’m not going to off myself,† she said, and she smiled. He let go of the barrel of the gun and she sprayed Bella’s corpse with pellets until the gun stopped firing, then she threw the gun over the rail and motioned for Okata to help her into his apartment. Bella’s body was nothing more than slimy chunks of meat by the time Okata got her through the door. In the morning, when the sun hit it, there would be only a charred stain on the sidewalk with burned gobs of plastic that had been a Kevlar suit, shoes, and sunglasses. Okata helped her to the shower, where he rinsed out her wounds, then dried her off and retrieved the last bit of the pig’s blood, which he’d kept in the refrigerator. Jody felt a horrible twinge of guilt. He’d been waiting for her, probably had been outside looking for her when Bella had chased her around the corner. After she drank the blood, and her legs had healed enough to hold her weight, she went to his workbench and turned on the light. The last print was there. Not finished, but two of the woodblocks had been finished, the black and the red. There she was, in the shower, her red hair streaming behind her in the water, black bits of ash puddling at her feet. Okata was beside her, looking at the print critically, as if there was something he might have to fix at any second. She bent down and looked back from the angle of the print into his face. â€Å"Hey,† she said. â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"Sorry,† she said. FOO DOG Abby lay on the futon in the loft’s great room. The empty rat cages were stacked in the corner of the room and Foo had unscrewed one of the plywood panels over the windows to let some light in. He’d been monitoring Abby’s vital signs since six in the morning. At least she had vital signs. She hadn’t even started with those. At noon, she opened her eyes. â€Å"Foo, you dick, I’m mortal.† â€Å"You’re okay!† He threw his arms around her. She pushed him away. â€Å"Where’s Tommy? Where’s the Countess?† â€Å"Tommy’s in the bedroom. I don’t know where Jody is.† â€Å"She didn’t call?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Fucksocks! Did you turn Tommy back, too?† â€Å"No. I started making his serum, but he didn’t want to do anything until they take care of the other vampire. We need to, though, Abby. He won’t live much longer if we don’t.† â€Å"I know. The pirate Rasta guy on the black ship told us. Other vampire? Only one?† â€Å"Rivera called while you were unconscious. The Animals took one of them down at the Safeway.† â€Å"Did you tell him to stay off the black ship?† â€Å"Tommy did.† â€Å"What about Chet?† â€Å"I don’t know.† â€Å"He could be-Hey, where’s my tail?† â€Å"It sort of fell off when you turned back to human.† â€Å"Did you save it?† â€Å"Well, no. I left it on the coffee table and when the sun came up, well, it sort of burned up.† â€Å"You burned up my tail? That was a part of me.† â€Å"It was a disgusting part of you.† â€Å"You’re such a racist, Foo. I’m glad we broke up.† â€Å"We did?† â€Å"We were going to, weren’t we? Wasn’t that what you wanted to talk about? About how I’m way too complex and mysterious for you and you need to return to your traditional science-nerd values and live in the Sunset with your parents, instead of the awesome love lair with your goddess-like vampire girlfriend, who will never do you again, even when you beg, even out of pity, no matter how fly your sexy manga hair is? Isn’t that what you were going to say?† â€Å"Not in so many words. I’m going to move to Berkeley. It’s hard, Abby-â€Å" â€Å"Well, save your breath, s’il vous pla;t, I’m over you. I will not be further abused by your toady banalities and whatnot.† â€Å"Your mom called. She wants you to come home.† â€Å"Yeah, that’s going to happen. Oh, what’s this, monkeys flying out of my tailless butt?† â€Å"She said they sent your report card. You passed Mr. Snavely’s biology class.† â€Å"I did?† â€Å"She said she almost fainted. Jared said it was your extra-credit project that did it. Why didn’t you tell me you took one of the rats to school with you?† â€Å"Well, I didn’t think it worked out that well. I mean, the rat was already vamped, so when I took him out of the shoe box, he just looked kind of dead. And Mr. Snavely was all, â€Å"‘Oh, that’s lovely, Allison, a dead rat.'† But it was sunny in biology lab, and all of a sudden my rat just spontaneously combusts, and I’m all, ‘Check it, bitches, spontaneous rodent combustion, it’s the wave of the future.'† â€Å"Well, because he couldn’t figure out how you did it, he passed you.† â€Å"I am the dark mistress of Biology One-oh-two. Fear me. Rawr!† she said. Then she kissed him hard, but not as hard as she had when she was a vampire, which was a relief, but then she pushed him away and slapped him. â€Å"Ouch. I didn’t think you were a slut.† â€Å"I know, that’s was our bittersweet break-up kiss. I will go grieve now until Lord Flood awakes and we resume the search for the Countess. I’m starving. Do you want to go get a sammy and a Starbucks? I have like ten grand in my messenger.† THE LOVE LAIR He awoke at sundown with her face in his mind’s eye and panic running up his spine. He bolted out of the bedroom into the great room, where Abby was hanging up the phone. â€Å"That was the Countess,† Abby said. â€Å"She’s okay. She’ll be here in a few minutes.† â€Å"And you’re okay? You’re alive. You have heat.† He could see the heat coming off her and the healthy life aura around her. â€Å"Yeah, thanks. Foo destroyed my tail.† She turned and looked to the kitchen. â€Å"The traitorous racist heartbreaking fucktard!† â€Å"Little harsh,† Tommy said. â€Å"He saved your life.† â€Å"Heartbroken. Grieving. Inconsolable. Tail’s gone. Going to have to get totally repierced and tattooed.† â€Å"But you showered and your eye makeup isn’t all racoony anymore.† â€Å"Thanks. I like the blood splatters on your pants.† â€Å"Hi,† said Foo Dog from the kitchen, where he was filling a syringe with what looked like blood. â€Å"I have your serum ready, whenever you’re ready.† â€Å"I’m not ready.† â€Å"You have to, you know.† The doorbell buzzed. Tommy keyed the intercom. â€Å"It’s me,† Jody said. He buzzed her in and she was at the top of the steps in an instant, then kissing him. He pushed her back and looked at her clothes, shredded at the elbows and knees, stained with blood. â€Å"What happened to you? Where were you?† â€Å"One of the old vampires? She ambushed me on a roof across from the black ship. That weapon they have did this. It’s horrible. We can’t let them get near us with that thing.† â€Å"How did you get away?† â€Å"I was hiding at the bottom of a pool, trying to figure out what to do, when Chet jumped her. I got out of there while Chet was dry-humping her.† â€Å"Yeah. Go Chet!† said Abby. â€Å"Abby!† Jody ran to Abby and hugged her, kissed her on the forehead. â€Å"I was so worried about you. You’re alive. Really alive.† â€Å"Yeah. Foo changed me back. I want to be nosferatu again.† They all turned to face Foo, who was still in the kitchen. â€Å"Can’t do it, Abs. You won’t survive a second time. I tried it on the rats. You’re only human.† â€Å"Doomed,† Abby said. â€Å"Jody,† Tommy said, â€Å"what about the vampire who attacked you?† â€Å"Gone. Destroyed. Someone rescued me just before she killed me. So there’s only one left, right?† â€Å"They’re all gone,† Tommy said. â€Å"Rivera called. The Animals got the other one. There’s only Elijah on the black ship.† Jody put her hand to his face. â€Å"Tommy, we have to talk.† â€Å"I know,† he said. Foo Dog said, â€Å"Jody, I have no way of knowing when Tommy might, uh, expire. He could go faster than Abby was going.† â€Å"Come with me.† Jody took Tommy’s hand and led him into the bedroom. â€Å"I’ve got to show you something. You two, do not come into this room, do you hear me?† TOMMY AND JODY â€Å"We can’t make crazy monkey love now, Jody. They’ll hear us, and we usually end up breaking all the furniture.† â€Å"You learned how to go to mist, when you were with Chet. You said you learned?† â€Å"Yeah, that’s how I got these clothes. They’re stupid, aren’t they?† â€Å"Tommy, the vampire, the old one, her name was Bella, she told me something. Kiss me. Kiss me and go to mist. Don’t think about it, don’t stop, just melt into the kiss.† She kissed him and felt him as he faded from solid, and followed him exactly, until they were a single entity, sharing every secret, every fear, every victory, everything, the very essence of who they were, wrapping around each other, winding through each other as each lived the other’s history, as every experience they had, they had together, with comfort and joy, with abandon and passion, without words or boundaries, and as often happens to two in love, time lost all meaning, and they might have stayed there, like that, forever. When they finally fell out of it they were naked, on the bed, giggling like insane children. â€Å"Wow,† Tommy said first. â€Å"Yeah,† she said. â€Å"So, Okata saved you?† â€Å"Yeah, he needed to save someone. He had always needed to save someone.† â€Å"I know. I’m okay with it, you know?† â€Å"Yeah, I know,† she said. â€Å"I can’t do it, Jody. It’s amazing, and I adore you, but I can’t do it.† â€Å"I know,† she said, because she did. â€Å"This is me now, Tommy. I like this, I like the night, I like the power. I like not being afraid. I was never anything until I was this. I love being this.† â€Å"I know,† he said. He knew that she had always been cute, but not beautiful. Always a little dissatisfied with who she was, worried about what men, or her mother, or anyone thought of her. But she was beautiful now. Strong. She was exactly what she wanted to be. He said, â€Å"I need the words, Jody. It’s who I am.† â€Å"I know.† â€Å"I’m not a vampire. I’m a writer. I came here to be a writer. I want to use gelatinous in a sentence. And not just once, but over and over. On the roof, under the moon, in an elevator, on the washing machine, and when I’m exhausted, I want to lay in my own gelatinous sweat and use gelatinous in a sentence until I pass out.† Jody said, â€Å"I don’t think gelatinous means what you think it means.† â€Å"It doesn’t matter. It’s what I need to do. I need to write something. I need to write my little Holocaust girl story.† â€Å"I thought it was a little girl growing up in the segregated South.† â€Å"Yeah, whatever. It’s important.† â€Å"You know I know this already, right?† â€Å"I know, but that’s what I’m saying, I need the words. I love you, but I need the words.† â€Å"I know,† she said. â€Å"Let’s go let Foo change you back into a word guy.† â€Å"And you’re going to go away?† â€Å"I have to.† â€Å"I know,† he said. â€Å"You know, I think that merging might have ruined me.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because you’re lying there completely naked and I don’t want to sex you up.† â€Å"Really?† â€Å"Let me think about it. No, false alarm, I’m okay.† â€Å"C’mere, writer boy. Let’s break some furniture.† THE RAVEN â€Å"Praise Jah’s sweet love for given us a fired-haired snowy biscuit,† Kona said. â€Å"Welcome, me sweet deadie sistah. Welcome aboard.† â€Å"Mistress,† Jody said. â€Å"Sweet deadie mistress.† â€Å"Troot, mistress. Welcome aboard.† The ship was a wonder of technology and luxury. Kona had lent Foo Dog his security bracelet and Foo had gone aboard and reset the security so the ship didn’t kill anyone who set foot on board, then he and Kona had walked her through the ship showing her the thousand different ways it had been set to kill a person. It was an elegant, redundant death trap. â€Å"You’ll want to turn the systems back on,† Foo had said. â€Å"There’s a reason they had this kind of security.† Jody said good-bye and led him off the ship. Now that she had one of his UV lasers in one hand and a number of vacuum blood vials in the other she followed the ersatz Rastaman down to the deepest chamber of the ship, where Foo had not gone. They approached a wide, white, waterproof hatch with a small porthole and a heavy stainless-steel wheel securing it. Kona hit a light switch. â€Å"That make just a wee UV, mistress. Make dat dogheart bastid turn solid so he can’t sneak out.† Jody looked in the port and a face hit it with a snarl, leaving bloody spit on the thick glass. â€Å"Well, hello, pumpkin. How have you been?† The vampire snarled. It was Elijah, the old vampire who had turned her, turned them all, really, if the legend was true. But he looked like a wild animal now, naked, his fangs bared, snarling at the tiny window. â€Å"Can he hear me?† Jody asked. â€Å"Oh yeah, he hear. You got to tell him to go to the back of da room, ma. I’n’I can lock him back there with the second door. Like an airlock. Dat’s how we feed dat old buggah.† â€Å"Go to the back of the room, Elijah. I have something I need you to do.† The vampire snarled at her. â€Å"Okey dokey,† she said, and she put on her sunglasses, placed Foo’s laser against the glass, and promptly blasted Elijah’s right ear into ash. He roared at her. â€Å"Oh, I know that had to hurt. Hear that high whining sound, Elijah. That’s the laser recharging. Takes about a minute. When it’s done I’m going to burn off your willie unless you get your ancient ass to the back of the cell.† She smiled. â€Å"Shoots, brah, she a cold heart bitch don’t you know. You outta-shoulda do what she say, yeah?† The old vampire backed through the inside door, snarling, and Kona worked the switch, sealing it. Then he opened the heavy outer hatch. Jody placed the vacuum vials in the chamber, then said, â€Å"Okay, Elijah, I need you to fill these with that sweet, first-generation vampire blood.† They sealed the outer hatch, and Elijah snarled and resisted, but after having his other ear burned off, relented. Twenty minutes later Jody was holding the four vials of Elijah’s blood and Elijah was lapping two quarts of tuna blood out of a stainless-steel bowl. â€Å"He be all right,† Kona said. â€Å"Dem ear heal up in minutes and he be back in the mystic fo’ weeks.† â€Å"And how long to get the rest of the art supplies onto the Raven?† she asked. â€Å"It’s all on board, mistress.† â€Å"Then cast off, Cap’n.† â€Å"Aye, aye, mistress.† Jody turned to Okata, who had stood silently, his eyes wide, watching the whole scene. â€Å"These are for you,† she said, holding out the vials. â€Å"I’ll help you. I hope you like night scenes. You’re going to have a lot of prints to make. But you’ll have time.† â€Å"Okay,† said the swordsman, with a smile. How to cite Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 24, Essay examples

Distillation Essay Example For Students

Distillation Essay This report outlines the steps taken to separate a 50:50 by volume ethanol and isopropanol side stream. The resulting separation must contain no more than 3% alcohol impurity in each product. A laboratory column, run at total reflux, was utilized to scale up to a forty foot high by one foot diameter column. The laboratory column allowed the team to determine vapor velocities and HETP values for the 0.24 inch Pro-Pakq packing. HETP is defined as the height of packing divided by the number of theoretical column stages. The column consisted of four main sections: packing, controls, a reboiler, and a condenser. To complete the vapor velocity vs. HETP relationship, the vapor velocity must be found. The vapor velocity was found using a system energy balance. The design vapor velocity was determined to be 4.85 ft/hr. However, this vapor velocity did not result in the column flooding; therefore the scaled-up column is not designed to its full potential. Ideally, distillation columns should be designed at 70-80% of the flooding velocity. The column HETP was found by use of the Fenske equation and was determined to be an average of 4.55 inches. As a result of the design parameters from the experimental column, the following design is proposed: the column will run at a vapor velocity of 4.85 ft/hr and will have a HETP of 4.30 inches. This will result in a packing height of 38.7 feet. The reboiler will have an area of 113.52 ft2 and the area of the condenser will have a value of 45.54 ft2 in which heat exchange will take place. Operating Procedure for packed Column22Intermediate Number Tables (RD) B4Intermediate Number Tables (Design) C1A chemical plant spends approximately 50 to 90% of capital investment on separation equipment (1,1) Therefore, the ability to utilize a small laboratory column and to scale-up a column is an important skill for a chemical engineer. This report will outline the steps taken to design a packed distillation column. The column needs to separate a 50:50 mixture of ethanol and isopropanol into a distillate stream containing no more than 3 wt% isopropanol and a bottoms stream containing no more than 3 wt% ethanol. The design of the full-scale column was based on a laboratory simulation column. This column allowed the team to determine vapor velocities and HETP values for the 0.24 inch Pro-Pakq packing. Once the simulation vapor velocities are determined, they can be translated to the column design and used in the design of the reboiler and condenser. Areas for the reboiler and condenser will be found and costs will be calculated. Finally, the actual packing height will be determined for the scaled-up column. The primary goal of this project was to deterimine the design specifications for a one foot diameter by forty foot high packed distillation column. The laboratory was run at total reflux. Total reflux occurs when the entire overhead vapor flow is returned as reflux and all of the bottoms liquid is returned as boil up. Total reflux is useful for starting up columns, maintaining column operation when all or part of a plant is shut down, or for our purposes: determining column efficiency. However, since our column was a packed column and not a tray or sieve plate column, efficiency is measured not in terms of overall efficiency, but in terms of HETP. HETP is defined as follows:HETP = height of column packing y number of theoretical stages(1)There are two basic ways to determine the number of theoretical stages (Nmin): McCabe Thiele analysis and/or using the Fenske equation. Both of these methods will give Nmin, however, McCabe Thiele utilizes a graphical analysis and Fenske utilizes a n umerical analysis. .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 , .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .postImageUrl , .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 , .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:hover , .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:visited , .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:active { border:0!important; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:active , .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2 .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud29bd99c8511660d8d0e2213a341bdf2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality EssayTo use McCabe Thiele graphical analysis, the condition of constant molal overflow (CMO) must be met. The assumptions behind CMO are as follows (1, 117):2.The specific heat changes are negligible compared to latent heat changes3.The heat of vaporization per mole, l, is constantAn additional criterion for utilizing McCabe Thiele analysis is the existence of good equilibrium data. Ideally, empirical equilibrium data can be found in several sources, but this data was not available for isopropanol and ethanol. To determine our equilibrium curve, we had to incorporate a different method. All of the equilibrium data was found